Course project · Concept

A design specification

Greener
Hours.

An open accountability standard for AI compute carbon disclosure — three implementation surfaces that turn invisible energy costs into legible procurement infrastructure.

Course
Design for a Warming World
Instructor
Prof. Raz Godelnik
Program
MS Strategic Design & Management · Parsons
Term
Spring 2026
View the full deck ↗

§ 03 · The problem · the scale

945TWh

Projected global data-center electricity demand by 2030 — more than double 2024's 415 TWh, with AI identified by the IEA as the lead driver.

025050075010002002018240202029020224152024~5802026~76020289452030Global data-centre electricity · TWhsolid · actual outlined · projection

IEA, Energy and AI (April 2025); Shehabi et al., 2024 U.S. Data Center Energy Usage Report, LBNL (Dec 2024).

§ 04 · The invisibility

The user sees the AI.
They don't see any of this.

VISIBLE— THE WHOLE INTERFACE —UserQUERIES THE MODEL↑ THE LINE OF VISIBILITY ↑DARK MATTER— EVERYTHING THAT MAKES THE INTERFACE WORK —AIDatacenterGridSolarWindGasCoalOilRENEWABLEFOSSIL
Supply side
Aggregate, annual, self-reported. Not per request.
Demand side
Zero signal. Nothing per request, period.
Dev tools
Voluntary, research-grade, inconsistent. Not procurement-grade.

Dark-matter framing after Dan Hill, Dark Matter and Trojan Horses (Strelka, 2015); AI energy estimates: IEA, Energy and AI (2025).

§ 05 · The reframe

Visibility doesn't change end-user behavior. But visibility paired with a standard creates supply-side pressure.

The same pattern as HTTPS, energy labels, SBOM, and cloud-carbon dashboards.

End users didn't change.
Providers did.

A backend protocol made visible at the UI layer through a tiny glyph. No one wanted their site flagged “Not Secure” in Chrome. Within a decade the entire web shifted.

0%2550751002018 · CHROMEFLAGS “NOT SECURE”↓ THE INFLECTION'94'10'18'25HTTPS share of web traffic · 1994–2025

The same pattern, across domains

EU energy labels
Regulatory disclosure

The A–G grade reshaped manufacturer behavior more than consumer behavior — appliances were re-engineered to climb the visible scale.

FDA nutrition labels
Mandatory disclosure

Barely moved consumers; drove reformulation — trans fats, sodium, sugar — because makers competed on what was visible.

Cloud carbon dashboards
Already happened

AWS, Azure, GCP shipped per-service carbon in 2021–22 on procurement demand. The pattern works; the AI-specific extension is what's missing.

Google Transparency Report; Let's Encrypt annual reports (2017–24). Curve directional. Inflection: Chrome 68 (July 2018) flagged all non-HTTPS pages.

§ 06 · The opportunity · three forces

Why now, not five years ago.

01

Regulatory pressure

All demand vendor-level emissions data. None specify the technical standard.

02

Procurement demand

Cloud got per-service carbon dashboards. AI didn't.

03

Reusable infrastructure

Three layers already exist. The fourth is the work.

§ 07 · The product · the standard

One standard. Three surfaces.

The substrate
Open API standard · per-request carbon disclosure as a response header.
EXISTING AI API CALL · UNCHANGEDPOST /v1/messagesAuthorization: Bearer ...Content-Type: application/jsonRESPONSE200 OKContent-Type: application/jsonX-Compute-Carbon-Intensity: 412 gCO2eq/kWhX-Compute-Region: us-east-1X-Compute-Confidence: highSDK PARSESSURFACED ACROSS THREE TIERST1CHAT INDICATORInline glyph · “current compute window”T2FLEXIBLE SCHEDULERDeadline · route to cleanest windowT3ENTERPRISE DASHBOARDPer-team aggregation · procurement view

Open-source spec · reference SDK in Python, TypeScript & Go · piggybacks on existing API plumbing. Adoption is three headers.

§ 08 · The three surfaces

One indicator, one scheduler, one dashboard.

01
Legibility layer

Compute Window Indicator

A small glyph that makes invisible energy costs visible — without pretending it changes user behavior.

P3 Anchor · Dark matterP5 CultureP7 Tech as both
↻ chat.ai/conversation/8e2f4a
MODELSonnet 4.6 ▾
High intensity · 462 gCO₂/kWh
Hi — this chat is wired to a live model API through a server-side proxy, and it can see the carbon state in the indicator above. Ask me anything.
COMPUTE WINDOW · CURRENT
462 gCO₂eq/kWh|us-east-1|high confidence

The P-codes on each surface map to the ten design principles from Prof. Godelnik's Design for a Warming World — the project was developed roughly against that framework.

§ 15 · Named, not hidden

What this project cannot pretend.

01

The structural tension

The biggest lever for AI's footprint is supply-side — siting, PPAs, grid decarbonization. Greener Hours operates on a derivative lever: user-facing legibility pressuring the supply side. The bet is contestable; the HTTPS analog suggests the pattern works, but the timeline is uncertain.

02

Greenwashing capture risk

Open standards get captured. Three guardrails: an open-source reference implementation, third-party verification of disclosure claims, and an anti-rebound layer that surfaces total consumption alongside efficiency. None is sufficient alone.

03

Visibility ≠ behavior change

The sharpest midterm critique, addressed structurally: Tier 1 is not a behavior tool. Behavior change happens at Tier 2 (a one-click default) and Tier 3 (institutional decisions). Tier 1's job is legibility that creates supply-side pressure.

04

The sufficiency limit

Greener Hours is a timing-and-disclosure intervention, not a sufficiency one. It does not advocate using less AI. Tier 3 makes absolute usage visible — but visibility is not advocacy.

§ 16 · If the wedge works

When compute disclosure becomes a normal procurement field.

3 of 5
Adoption · 24 mo

major AI providers implement the spec, on competitive and procurement pressure.

60%
Coverage

of enterprise AI API calls return standardized carbon data by default.

40%
Behavior · Tier 2

of deferrable batch tasks shift to cleaner grid windows.

5+
Institutional · Tier 3

Fortune 100 buyers name the spec in AI RFPs.

1
Regulatory

EU AI Act or California SB 253 references the spec — the mandate moment.

Cultural

“What's your compute-carbon disclosure?” becomes a normal sales question.

Directional, not predictive — what a working wedge could move, not measured outcomes.

§ 17 · Close

Make the invisible legible, and the providers move.

Project
Greener Hours · v0.1 final
Author
Rishabh Salian
Course
Design for a Warming World · Prof. Raz Godelnik · SP26
LIVE DEMO · Greener HoursWORKING

The three surfaces above are live — on one simulation.

Tab through them: pause the scheduler's clock and the chat's carbon indicator freezes with it; submit a flexible job and the dashboard's flex strip picks it up. The chat runs on a real model API through a server-side proxy, grounded in the sim state it sits on. Greener Hours itself remains a speculative open standard — the full argument lives in the presentation deck, linked above.

Open the prototype full-screen